Bagian 4: Transaksi Inventaris

Transaksi stok adalah jantung sistem inventaris, dan di sinilah proyek ini berbeda dari aplikasi CRUD biasa. Setiap pencatatan barang masuk atau keluar harus melakukan dua penulisan pada dua tabel — satu baris stock_movements dan pembaruan angka products.stock — dan keduanya wajib terjadi bersama-sama atau tidak sama sekali. Bagian ini membangun StockService, satu-satunya tempat di seluruh aplikasi yang berhak menulis stok, dengan DB::transaction() sebagai pengaman utamanya.

Alur Satu Transaksi #

Perjalanan satu request pencatatan transaksi dapat dipetakan sebagai berikut:

flowchart TD A["POST /movements"] --> B["StockMovementRequest validasi input"] B -->|gagal| C["kembali ke form dengan pesan error"] B -->|lolos| D["StockService::recordMovement"] D --> E["DB::transaction dimulai"] E --> F["lockForUpdate kunci baris produk"] F --> G{"barang keluar dan stok kurang?"} G -->|ya| H["rollback + lempar InsufficientStockException"] G -->|tidak| I["INSERT stock_movements"] I --> J["UPDATE products.stock"] J --> K["commit"] K --> L["redirect ke detail produk dengan pesan sukses"] H --> M["redirect ke form dengan pesan stok tidak cukup"]

Setiap kotak pada diagram berdiri di lapisan yang berbeda: validasi di form request, keputusan bisnis di service, dan penyimpanan di database. Lapisan-lapisan itu bekerja berurutan sehingga data kotor berhenti di gerbang pertama, sedangkan pelanggaran aturan bisnis berhenti di dalam transaksi.

Isi StockService #

Seluruh logika tersebut diwujudkan dalam satu method di app/Services/StockService.php:

php
public function recordMovement(
    Product $product,
    string $type,
    int $quantity,
    ?string $note = null,
    ?User $user = null,
    ?string $movementDate = null,
): StockMovement {
    return DB::transaction(function () use ($product, $type, $quantity, $note, $user, $movementDate): StockMovement {
        // Kunci baris produk agar dua proses tidak menghitung stok
        // dari angka yang sama secara bersamaan (race condition).
        $locked = Product::query()
            ->whereKey($product->id)
            ->lockForUpdate()
            ->firstOrFail();

        if ($type === StockMovement::TYPE_OUT && $locked->stock < $quantity) {
            throw new InsufficientStockException($locked, $quantity);
        }

        $movement = $locked->movements()->create([
            'type' => $type,
            'quantity' => $quantity,
            'note' => $note,
            'user_id' => $user?->id,
            'movement_date' => $movementDate ?? now()->toDateString(),
        ]);

        $locked->stock = $type === StockMovement::TYPE_IN
            ? $locked->stock + $quantity
            : $locked->stock - $quantity;
        $locked->save();

        return $movement;
    });
}

Mari kita bedah baris per baris. DB::transaction() menerima closure dan menjalankannya di dalam transaksi database: bila closure selesai tanpa error, seluruh query di dalamnya di-commit; bila closure melempar pengecualian, seluruh query di-rollback otomatis. Query pertama mengambil ulang baris produk dengan whereKey($product->id) dan lockForUpdate() — kita sengaja tidak memakai model yang dikirim dari controller karena data model itu bisa basi; angka stok wajib dibaca ulang pada saat transaksi berjalan.

Baris throw new InsufficientStockException(...) adalah penjaga kedua dari Bagian 1: barang keluar melebihi stok ditolak di sini, tepat setelah stok terbaru terkunci, sebelum satu pun penulisan terjadi. Setelah lolos pemeriksaan, baris riwayat dibuat lewat relasi movements()->create(), lalu angka stok dihitung ulang dari hasil pembacaan yang terkunci dan disimpan. Karena kedua penulisan berada dalam satu closure, database tidak pernah melihat riwayat baru tanpa stok yang cocok, ataupun sebaliknya.

Menolak Stok Negatif #

Pengecualian InsufficientStockException membawa produk dan jumlah yang diminta sebagai properti publik, sehingga pesannya informatif. Pada database hasil seeder, mencatat barang keluar enam botol tinta ketika stok tersisa empat menghasilkan penolakan yang jelas:

text
Stok awal ELK-002 (Tinta Printer Hitam): 4 botol
DITOLAK: Stok Tinta Printer Hitam (ELK-002) tidak cukup: tersedia 4 botol, diminta 6 botol.
Setelah masuk 10 botol: 14 botol
Setelah keluar 6 botol: 8 botol

Empat baris tersebut adalah hasil eksekusi nyata di lingkungan pengujian Course: transaksi pertama ditolak dan stok tetap empat, transaksi masuk berikutnya berhasil menaikkan stok ke empat belas, dan hanya setelah itu permintaan enam botol yang sama diterima. Di sisi HTTP, StockMovementController menangkap pengecualian ini dengan try/catch lalu mengembalikan pengguna ke form bersama pesan error pada kolom jumlah — alur yang diuji oleh test form barang keluar melebihi stok ditolak.

Membuktikan Atomicity #

Janji “tersimpan bersama atau dibatalkan bersama” tidak perlu dipercaya begitu saja; kita buktikan dengan test yang sengaja melempar gangguan di tengah transaksi:

php
public function test_kegagalan_di_tengah_transaksi_dibatalkan_seluruhnya(): void
{
    $product = $this->product();

    StockMovement::creating(function (): void {
        throw new RuntimeException('simulasi gangguan saat menyimpan riwayat');
    });

    try {
        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 10);
        $this->fail('Pengecualian simulasi seharusnya terlempar.');
    } catch (RuntimeException) {
        // dibiarkan: inilah skenario yang diuji
    } finally {
        StockMovement::flushEventListeners();
    }

    $this->assertSame(0, $product->fresh()->stock);
    $this->assertDatabaseCount('stock_movements', 0);
}

Test ini memasang listener pada event Eloquent creating — momen tepat sebelum baris riwayat di-insert. Pengecualian di titik itu menggagalkan closure, memicu rollback, dan dua assertion terakhir membuktikan bahwa stok tetap nol tanpa satu pun baris riwayat yang lolos. Inilah arti atomicity dalam praktik, bukan dalam teori.

Dengan transaksi yang aman, sistem siap menerima lalu lintas pencatatan dari banyak petugas sekaligus. Bagian berikutnya melengkapi sisi pembacaan: mencari produk dengan cepat dan menandai mana yang perlu segera dipesan ulang.

Berkas Sumber

Berkas pendukung halaman ini dapat diunduh dan dijalankan langsung sesuai penjelasan di atas.

php
<?php

namespace App\Exceptions;

use App\Models\Product;
use RuntimeException;

class InsufficientStockException extends RuntimeException
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly Product $product,
        public readonly int $requested,
    ) {
        parent::__construct(sprintf(
            'Stok %s (%s) tidak cukup: tersedia %d %s, diminta %d %s.',
            $product->name,
            $product->sku,
            $product->stock,
            $product->unit,
            $requested,
            $product->unit,
        ));
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;

class AuthController extends Controller
{
    public function showLogin(): View
    {
        return view('auth.login');
    }

    public function login(Request $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        $credentials = $request->validate([
            'email' => ['required', 'email'],
            'password' => ['required'],
        ]);

        if (Auth::attempt($credentials)) {
            $request->session()->regenerate();

            return redirect()->intended(route('products.index'));
        }

        return back()
            ->withErrors(['email' => 'Email atau password salah.'])
            ->onlyInput('email');
    }

    public function logout(Request $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        Auth::logout();

        $request->session()->invalidate();
        $request->session()->regenerateToken();

        return redirect()->route('login');
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

abstract class Controller
{
    //
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Http\Requests\ProductStoreRequest;
use App\Http\Requests\ProductUpdateRequest;
use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class ProductController extends Controller
{
    public function index(Request $request): View
    {
        $products = Product::query()
            ->with('category')
            ->search($request->query('q'))
            ->ofCategory($request->query('category'))
            ->stockBetween($request->query('stock_min'), $request->query('stock_max'))
            ->when(
                $request->query('critical') === '1',
                fn ($query) => $query->critical(),
            )
            ->orderBy('name')
            ->paginate(10)
            ->withQueryString();

        return view('products.index', [
            'products' => $products,
            'categories' => Category::orderBy('name')->get(),
            'filters' => $request->only(['q', 'category', 'stock_min', 'stock_max', 'critical']),
        ]);
    }

    public function create(): View
    {
        return view('products.create', [
            'categories' => Category::orderBy('name')->get(),
        ]);
    }

    public function store(ProductStoreRequest $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        $product = Product::create([
            ...$request->validated(),
            // Stok awal selalu 0: angka hanya boleh berubah lewat transaksi.
            'stock' => 0,
        ]);

        return redirect()
            ->route('products.show', $product)
            ->with('status', "Produk {$product->name} berhasil disimpan.");
    }

    public function show(Product $product): View
    {
        $movements = $product->movements()
            ->with('user')
            ->orderByDesc('id')
            ->limit(10)
            ->get();

        return view('products.show', [
            'product' => $product->load('category'),
            'movements' => $movements,
        ]);
    }

    public function edit(Product $product): View
    {
        return view('products.edit', [
            'product' => $product->load('category'),
            'categories' => Category::orderBy('name')->get(),
        ]);
    }

    public function update(ProductUpdateRequest $request, Product $product): RedirectResponse
    {
        $product->update($request->validated());

        return redirect()
            ->route('products.show', $product)
            ->with('status', "Produk {$product->name} berhasil diperbarui.");
    }

    public function destroy(Product $product): RedirectResponse
    {
        $name = $product->name;
        $product->delete();

        return redirect()
            ->route('products.index')
            ->with('status', "Produk {$name} beserta riwayat pergerakannya berhasil dihapus.");
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\Product;
use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;

class ReportController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Laporan stok kritis: produk dengan stok <= stok minimum.
     */
    public function lowStock(): View
    {
        $products = Product::query()
            ->with('category')
            ->critical()
            ->orderBy('name')
            ->paginate(10);

        return view('reports.low-stock', [
            'products' => $products,
        ]);
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Exceptions\InsufficientStockException;
use App\Http\Requests\StockMovementRequest;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\StockMovement;
use App\Services\StockService;
use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;

class StockMovementController extends Controller
{
    public function index(): View
    {
        $movements = StockMovement::query()
            ->with(['product.category', 'user'])
            ->orderByDesc('id')
            ->paginate(15);

        return view('movements.index', [
            'movements' => $movements,
        ]);
    }

    public function create(): View
    {
        return view('movements.create', [
            'products' => Product::orderBy('name')->get(),
            'preselected' => request('product'),
        ]);
    }

    public function store(
        StockMovementRequest $request,
        StockService $service,
    ): RedirectResponse {
        $data = $request->validated();

        $product = Product::findOrFail($data['product_id']);

        try {
            $service->recordMovement(
                $product,
                $data['type'],
                (int) $data['quantity'],
                $data['note'] ?? null,
                $request->user(),
                $data['movement_date'],
            );
        } catch (InsufficientStockException $exception) {
            return redirect()
                ->back()
                ->withInput()
                ->withErrors(['quantity' => $exception->getMessage()]);
        }

        return redirect()
            ->route('products.show', $product)
            ->with('status', "Transaksi stok {$product->name} berhasil dicatat.");
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class ProductStoreRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, array<int, string>>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'sku' => ['required', 'string', 'max:32', 'unique:products,sku'],
            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
            'category_id' => ['required', 'integer', 'exists:categories,id'],
            'unit' => ['required', 'string', 'max:20'],
            'min_stock' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:0'],
            'price' => ['required', 'numeric', 'min:0'],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, string>
     */
    public function attributes(): array
    {
        return [
            'sku' => 'SKU',
            'category_id' => 'kategori',
            'unit' => 'satuan',
            'min_stock' => 'stok minimum',
            'price' => 'harga',
        ];
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

class ProductUpdateRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, array<int, string>>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'sku' => [
                'required', 'string', 'max:32',
                Rule::unique('products', 'sku')->ignore($this->route('product')),
            ],
            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
            'category_id' => ['required', 'integer', 'exists:categories,id'],
            'unit' => ['required', 'string', 'max:20'],
            'min_stock' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:0'],
            'price' => ['required', 'numeric', 'min:0'],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, string>
     */
    public function attributes(): array
    {
        return [
            'sku' => 'SKU',
            'category_id' => 'kategori',
            'unit' => 'satuan',
            'min_stock' => 'stok minimum',
            'price' => 'harga',
        ];
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class StockMovementRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, array<int, string>>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'product_id' => ['required', 'integer', 'exists:products,id'],
            'type' => ['required', 'in:in,out'],
            'quantity' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1'],
            'note' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:255'],
            'movement_date' => ['required', 'date'],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, string>
     */
    public function attributes(): array
    {
        return [
            'product_id' => 'produk',
            'type' => 'jenis transaksi',
            'quantity' => 'jumlah',
            'movement_date' => 'tanggal transaksi',
        ];
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;

class Category extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['name', 'description'];

    public function products(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Product::class);
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;

class Product extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = [
        'sku',
        'name',
        'category_id',
        'unit',
        'stock',
        'min_stock',
        'price',
    ];

    protected function casts(): array
    {
        return [
            'category_id' => 'integer',
            'stock' => 'integer',
            'min_stock' => 'integer',
            'price' => 'decimal:2',
        ];
    }

    public function category(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
    }

    public function movements(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(StockMovement::class);
    }

    /**
     * Cari produk berdasarkan nama atau SKU (partial match).
     */
    public function scopeSearch(Builder $query, ?string $keyword): Builder
    {
        return $query->when(filled($keyword), function (Builder $query) use ($keyword) {
            $keyword = trim($keyword);

            $query->where(function (Builder $query) use ($keyword) {
                $query->where('name', 'like', "%{$keyword}%")
                    ->orWhere('sku', 'like', "%{$keyword}%");
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * Filter produk milik satu kategori.
     */
    public function scopeOfCategory(Builder $query, ?int $categoryId): Builder
    {
        return $query->when(filled($categoryId), function (Builder $query) use ($categoryId) {
            $query->where('category_id', $categoryId);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Filter produk pada rentang stok [min, max].
     */
    public function scopeStockBetween(Builder $query, ?int $min, ?int $max): Builder
    {
        return $query
            ->when(filled($min), fn (Builder $query) => $query->where('stock', '>=', $min))
            ->when(filled($max), fn (Builder $query) => $query->where('stock', '<=', $max));
    }

    /**
     * Produk dengan stok kritis: stok saat ini <= stok minimum.
     */
    public function scopeCritical(Builder $query): Builder
    {
        return $query->whereColumn('stock', '<=', 'min_stock');
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;

class StockMovement extends Model
{
    public const TYPE_IN = 'in';

    public const TYPE_OUT = 'out';

    protected $fillable = [
        'product_id',
        'type',
        'quantity',
        'note',
        'user_id',
        'movement_date',
    ];

    protected function casts(): array
    {
        return [
            'product_id' => 'integer',
            'quantity' => 'integer',
            'user_id' => 'integer',
            'movement_date' => 'date',
        ];
    }

    public function product(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Product::class);
    }

    public function user(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Services;

use App\Exceptions\InsufficientStockException;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\StockMovement;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class StockService
{
    /**
     * Catat satu pergerakan stok dan perbarui stok produk secara atomik.
     *
     * Seluruh operasi berjalan di dalam DB::transaction() sehingga baris
     * pada stock_movements dan angka products.stock selalu konsisten:
     * keduanya tersimpan bersama atau keduanya dibatalkan bersama.
     */
    public function recordMovement(
        Product $product,
        string $type,
        int $quantity,
        ?string $note = null,
        ?User $user = null,
        ?string $movementDate = null,
    ): StockMovement {
        return DB::transaction(function () use ($product, $type, $quantity, $note, $user, $movementDate): StockMovement {
            // Kunci baris produk agar dua proses tidak menghitung stok
            // dari angka yang sama secara bersamaan (race condition).
            $locked = Product::query()
                ->whereKey($product->id)
                ->lockForUpdate()
                ->firstOrFail();

            if ($type === StockMovement::TYPE_OUT && $locked->stock < $quantity) {
                throw new InsufficientStockException($locked, $quantity);
            }

            $movement = $locked->movements()->create([
                'type' => $type,
                'quantity' => $quantity,
                'note' => $note,
                'user_id' => $user?->id,
                'movement_date' => $movementDate ?? now()->toDateString(),
            ]);

            $locked->stock = $type === StockMovement::TYPE_IN
                ? $locked->stock + $quantity
                : $locked->stock - $quantity;
            $locked->save();

            return $movement;
        });
    }
}

php
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name', 60)->unique();
            $table->string('description', 255)->nullable();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('categories');
    }
};

php
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('sku', 32)->unique();
            $table->string('name', 100);
            $table->foreignId('category_id')
                ->constrained()
                ->restrictOnDelete();
            $table->string('unit', 20)->default('pcs');
            $table->unsignedInteger('stock')->default(0);
            $table->unsignedInteger('min_stock')->default(0);
            $table->decimal('price', 12, 2)->default(0);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('products');
    }
};

php
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('stock_movements', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->foreignId('product_id')
                ->constrained()
                ->cascadeOnDelete();
            $table->enum('type', ['in', 'out']);
            $table->unsignedInteger('quantity');
            $table->string('note', 255)->nullable();
            $table->foreignId('user_id')
                ->nullable()
                ->constrained()
                ->nullOnDelete();
            $table->date('movement_date');
            $table->timestamps();

            $table->index(['product_id', 'id']);
            $table->index(['type', 'movement_date']);
        });
    }

    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('stock_movements');
    }
};

php
<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\StockMovement;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Services\StockService;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;

class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run(): void
    {
        $budi = User::create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
            'password' => Hash::make('password'),
        ]);

        $elektronik = Category::create([
            'name' => 'Elektronik',
            'description' => 'Peralatan elektronik kantor',
        ]);

        $alatTulis = Category::create([
            'name' => 'Alat Tulis',
            'description' => 'Kebutuhan alat tulis kantor',
        ]);

        $service = app(StockService::class);

        $mouse = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-001',
            'name' => 'Mouse Wireless M1',
            'category_id' => $elektronik->id,
            'unit' => 'pcs',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 5,
            'price' => 85000,
        ]);

        $tinta = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-002',
            'name' => 'Tinta Printer Hitam',
            'category_id' => $elektronik->id,
            'unit' => 'botol',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 8,
            'price' => 120000,
        ]);

        $kertas = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $alatTulis->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $service->recordMovement($mouse, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 20, 'Stok pembukaan', $budi, '2026-01-02');
        $service->recordMovement($mouse, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 3, 'Peminjaman ruang meeting', $budi, '2026-01-05');
        $service->recordMovement($tinta, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 10, 'Stok pembukaan', $budi, '2026-01-02');
        $service->recordMovement($tinta, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 6, 'Penggantian tinta printer lantai 2', $budi, '2026-01-06');
        $service->recordMovement($kertas, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 15, 'Stok pembukaan', $budi, '2026-01-02');
    }
}

php
<?php

use App\Http\Controllers\AuthController;
use App\Http\Controllers\ProductController;
use App\Http\Controllers\ReportController;
use App\Http\Controllers\StockMovementController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

Route::get('/', fn () => redirect()->route('products.index'))->name('home');

Route::middleware('guest')->group(function () {
    Route::get('login', [AuthController::class, 'showLogin'])->name('login');
    Route::post('login', [AuthController::class, 'login'])->name('login.attempt');
});

Route::post('logout', [AuthController::class, 'logout'])
    ->middleware('auth')
    ->name('logout');

Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::resource('products', ProductController::class);

    Route::get('movements', [StockMovementController::class, 'index'])
        ->name('movements.index');
    Route::get('movements/create', [StockMovementController::class, 'create'])
        ->name('movements.create');
    Route::post('movements', [StockMovementController::class, 'store'])
        ->name('movements.store');

    Route::get('reports/low-stock', [ReportController::class, 'lowStock'])
        ->name('reports.low-stock');
});

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Tests\TestCase;

class AuthTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    public function test_login_berhasil_dan_gagal(): void
    {
        User::factory()->create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
            'password' => bcrypt('password-rahasia'),
        ]);

        // Kredensial salah: kembali dengan error.
        $this->from(route('login'))
            ->post(route('login.attempt'), [
                'email' => '[email protected]',
                'password' => 'salah',
            ])
            ->assertSessionHasErrors('email');

        // Kredensial benar: masuk dan diarahkan ke daftar produk.
        $this->post(route('login.attempt'), [
            'email' => '[email protected]',
            'password' => 'password-rahasia',
        ])
        ->assertRedirect(route('products.index'));

        $this->assertAuthenticated();
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * Halaman depan cukup meneruskan pengunjung ke daftar produk;
     * dari sana middleware auth yang meneruskan tamu ke halaman login.
     */
    public function test_halaman_depan_meneruskan_ke_daftar_produk(): void
    {
        $this->get('/')
            ->assertRedirect(route('products.index'));
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Tests\TestCase;

class ProductCrudTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    private function login(): User
    {
        $user = User::factory()->create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
        ]);

        $this->actingAs($user);

        return $user;
    }

    private function category(): Category
    {
        return Category::create(['name' => 'Alat Tulis']);
    }

    public function test_tamu_diarahkan_ke_halaman_login(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index'))
            ->assertRedirect(route('login'));
    }

    public function test_pengguna_melihat_daftar_produk(): void
    {
        $this->login();

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $this->category()->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 15,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $this->get(route('products.index'))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')
            ->assertSee('ATK-001');
    }

    public function test_menyimpan_produk_baru_dengan_stok_nol(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $category = $this->category();

        $response = $this->post(route('products.store'), [
            'sku' => 'ATK-002',
            'name' => 'Pulpen Gel Hitam',
            'category_id' => $category->id,
            'unit' => 'pcs',
            'min_stock' => 20,
            'price' => 12000,
        ]);

        $response->assertRedirect(route('products.show', Product::where('sku', 'ATK-002')->firstOrFail()));

        // Stok awal selalu 0: hanya transaksi yang boleh mengubahnya.
        $this->assertDatabaseHas('products', [
            'sku' => 'ATK-002',
            'name' => 'Pulpen Gel Hitam',
            'stock' => 0,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_sku_duplikat_ditolak_validasi(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $category = $this->category();

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $category->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $this->from(route('products.create'))
            ->post(route('products.store'), [
                'sku' => 'ATK-001',
                'name' => 'Map Plastik Kancing',
                'category_id' => $category->id,
                'unit' => 'pcs',
                'min_stock' => 5,
                'price' => 9000,
            ])
            ->assertSessionHasErrors('sku');

        $this->assertDatabaseCount('products', 1);
    }

    public function test_memperbarui_produk_tanpa_menyentuh_kolom_stok(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $product = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $this->category()->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 15,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $this->put(route('products.update', $product), [
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 75gsm',
            'category_id' => $product->category_id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'min_stock' => 12,
            'price' => 52000,
        ])->assertRedirect(route('products.show', $product));

        $this->assertDatabaseHas('products', [
            'id' => $product->id,
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 75gsm',
            'min_stock' => 12,
            'stock' => 15, // stok tidak ikut berubah saat mengubah data produk
        ]);
    }

    public function test_daftar_produk_terpaginasi_sepuluh_per_halaman(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $category = $this->category();

        for ($i = 1; $i <= 12; $i++) {
            Product::create([
                'sku' => sprintf('ATK-%03d', $i),
                'name' => "Produk Contoh {$i}",
                'category_id' => $category->id,
                'unit' => 'pcs',
                'stock' => $i,
                'min_stock' => 1,
                'price' => 1000,
            ]);
        }

        $response = $this->get(route('products.index'));

        // Halaman pertama memuat 10 dari 12 produk + tautan halaman kedua.
        $response->assertOk();
        $this->assertCount(10, $response->viewData('products')->items());
        $response->assertSee(route('products.index', ['page' => 2]));
        $response->assertSeeText('Produk Contoh 7');
        $response->assertDontSeeText('Produk Contoh 9');

        // Halaman kedua memuat sisa 2 produk.
        $second = $this->get(route('products.index', ['page' => 2]));
        $this->assertCount(2, $second->viewData('products')->items());
        $second->assertSeeText('Produk Contoh 8');
        $second->assertSeeText('Produk Contoh 9');
    }

    public function test_menghapus_produk_beserta_riwayat_pergerakannya(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $product = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $this->category()->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $this->delete(route('products.destroy', $product))
            ->assertRedirect(route('products.index'));

        $this->assertDatabaseMissing('products', ['id' => $product->id]);
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Tests\TestCase;

class SearchFilterTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    private Category $elektronik;

    private Category $alatTulis;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp();

        $this->actingAs(User::factory()->create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
        ]));

        $this->elektronik = Category::create(['name' => 'Elektronik']);
        $this->alatTulis = Category::create(['name' => 'Alat Tulis']);

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-001',
            'name' => 'Mouse Wireless M1',
            'category_id' => $this->elektronik->id,
            'unit' => 'pcs',
            'stock' => 15,
            'min_stock' => 5,
            'price' => 85000,
        ]);

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $this->alatTulis->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 3,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-002',
            'name' => 'Tinta Printer Hitam',
            'category_id' => $this->elektronik->id,
            'unit' => 'botol',
            'stock' => 40,
            'min_stock' => 8,
            'price' => 120000,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_cari_berdasarkan_nama(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['q' => 'mouse']))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Mouse Wireless M1')
            ->assertDontSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam');
    }

    public function test_cari_berdasarkan_sku(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['q' => 'ATK']))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')
            ->assertDontSee('Mouse Wireless M1');
    }

    public function test_cari_tidak_peka_huruf_besar_kecil(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['q' => 'TINTA']))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Tinta Printer Hitam');
    }

    public function test_filter_berdasarkan_kategori(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['category' => $this->elektronik->id]))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Mouse Wireless M1')
            ->assertSee('Tinta Printer Hitam')
            ->assertDontSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm');
    }

    public function test_filter_rentang_stok(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['stock_min' => 10, 'stock_max' => 30]))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Mouse Wireless M1')   // stok 15 masuk rentang
            ->assertDontSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm') // stok 3 di bawah rentang
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam'); // stok 40 di atas rentang
    }

    public function test_filter_stok_kritis_hanya_yang_di_bawah_minimum(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['critical' => 1]))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')  // stok 3 <= min 10: kritis
            ->assertDontSee('Mouse Wireless M1') // stok 15 > min 5: aman
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam');
    }

    public function test_filter_gabungan_pencarian_dan_kategori(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['q' => 'tinta', 'category' => $this->alatTulis->id]))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam'); // cocok kata kunci, tetapi salah kategori
    }

    public function test_laporan_stok_kritis_menampilkan_produk_yang_perlu_dipesan(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('reports.low-stock'))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')
            ->assertSee('7 rim') // kekurangan: 10 - 3
            ->assertDontSee('Mouse Wireless M1')
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam');
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Exceptions\InsufficientStockException;
use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\StockMovement;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Services\StockService;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use RuntimeException;
use Tests\TestCase;

class StockMovementTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    private function user(): User
    {
        return User::factory()->create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
        ]);
    }

    private function product(): Product
    {
        return Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-001',
            'name' => 'Mouse Wireless M1',
            'category_id' => Category::create(['name' => 'Elektronik'])->id,
            'unit' => 'pcs',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 5,
            'price' => 85000,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_barang_masuk_menambah_stok(): void
    {
        $user = $this->user();
        $product = $this->product();

        $movement = app(StockService::class)->recordMovement(
            $product,
            StockMovement::TYPE_IN,
            20,
            'Stok pembukaan',
            $user,
            '2026-01-02',
        );

        $this->assertSame(20, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertSame(20, $movement->quantity);
        $this->assertDatabaseHas('stock_movements', [
            'product_id' => $product->id,
            'type' => 'in',
            'quantity' => 20,
            'user_id' => $user->id,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_barang_keluar_mengurangi_stok(): void
    {
        $product = $this->product();

        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 20, movementDate: '2026-01-02');
        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 7, 'Peminjaman ruang meeting', movementDate: '2026-01-05');

        $this->assertSame(13, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseCount('stock_movements', 2);
    }

    public function test_stok_tidak_bisa_negatif(): void
    {
        $product = $this->product();

        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 5, movementDate: '2026-01-02');

        try {
            app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 8, movementDate: '2026-01-05');
            $this->fail('Barang keluar melebihi stok seharusnya melempar pengecualian.');
        } catch (InsufficientStockException $exception) {
            $this->assertSame(5, $exception->product->stock);
            $this->assertSame(8, $exception->requested);
        }

        // Stok tetap dan tidak ada baris riwayat baru yang tersimpan.
        $this->assertSame(5, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseCount('stock_movements', 1);
    }

    public function test_kegagalan_di_tengah_transaksi_dibatalkan_seluruhnya(): void
    {
        $product = $this->product();

        // Simulasikan gangguan setelah pengecekan stok,
        // tepat saat baris stock_movements hendak dibuat.
        StockMovement::creating(function (): void {
            throw new RuntimeException('simulasi gangguan saat menyimpan riwayat');
        });

        try {
            app(StockService::class)->recordMovement(
                $product,
                StockMovement::TYPE_IN,
                10,
                movementDate: '2026-01-02',
            );
            $this->fail('Pengecualian simulasi seharusnya terlempar.');
        } catch (RuntimeException) {
            // dibiarkan: inilah skenario yang diuji
        } finally {
            StockMovement::flushEventListeners();
        }

        // Atomicity: tidak ada perubahan yang lolos setelah rollback.
        $this->assertSame(0, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseCount('stock_movements', 0);
    }

    public function test_form_barang_keluar_melebihi_stok_ditolak(): void
    {
        $user = $this->user();
        $product = $this->product();

        $product->forceFill(['stock' => 5])->save();

        $this->actingAs($user)
            ->from(route('movements.create'))
            ->post(route('movements.store'), [
                'product_id' => $product->id,
                'type' => 'out',
                'quantity' => 9,
                'note' => 'Peminjaman untuk pameran',
                'movement_date' => '2026-01-05',
            ])
            ->assertSessionHasErrors('quantity');

        $this->assertSame(5, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseCount('stock_movements', 0);
    }

    public function test_form_transaksi_valid_menyimpan_dan_mengalihkan(): void
    {
        $user = $this->user();
        $product = $this->product();

        $this->actingAs($user)
            ->post(route('movements.store'), [
                'product_id' => $product->id,
                'type' => 'in',
                'quantity' => 12,
                'note' => 'Pembelian batch pertama',
                'movement_date' => '2026-01-03',
            ])
            ->assertRedirect(route('products.show', $product));

        $this->assertSame(12, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseHas('stock_movements', [
            'product_id' => $product->id,
            'type' => 'in',
            'quantity' => 12,
            'user_id' => $user->id,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_riwayat_transaksi_menampilkan_gerakan_terbaru(): void
    {
        $user = $this->user();
        $product = $this->product();

        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 10, 'Stok pembukaan', $user, '2026-01-02');
        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 4, 'Peminjaman ruang meeting', $user, '2026-01-05');

        $this->actingAs($user)
            ->get(route('movements.index'))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Mouse Wireless M1')
            ->assertSee('Stok pembukaan')
            ->assertSee('Peminjaman ruang meeting');
    }
}

Bagian 4: Transaksi Inventaris

Alur Satu Transaksi #

Isi StockService #

Menolak Stok Negatif #

Membuktikan Atomicity #

Berkas Sumber

app/Exceptions/InsufficientStockException.php

app/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php

app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php

app/Http/Controllers/ProductController.php

app/Http/Controllers/ReportController.php

app/Http/Controllers/StockMovementController.php

app/Http/Requests/ProductStoreRequest.php

app/Http/Requests/ProductUpdateRequest.php

app/Http/Requests/StockMovementRequest.php

app/Models/Category.php

app/Models/Product.php

app/Models/StockMovement.php

app/Services/StockService.php

database/migrations/2026_11_01_000010_create_categories_table.php

database/migrations/2026_11_01_000020_create_products_table.php

database/migrations/2026_11_01_000030_create_stock_movements_table.php

database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php

routes/web.php

tests/Feature/AuthTest.php

tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php

tests/Feature/ProductCrudTest.php

tests/Feature/SearchFilterTest.php

tests/Feature/StockMovementTest.php