Bagian 3: Kategori dan Stok

Tabel yang berdiri sendiri belum menjadi sistem; hidup dimulai saat relasi antar model Eloquent menghubungkannya. Pada bagian ini kita membangun relasi belongsTo dan hasMany yang mengikat kategori, produk, dan riwayat stok, lalu mengisinya dengan data contoh lewat seeder. Setelah relasi hidup, kita memanfaatkannya untuk dua kebutuhan nyata: mengelompokkan daftar produk per kategori dan menampilkan jejak setiap pergerakan stok pada halaman detail produk.

Relasi Antar Model #

Model Product menjadi pusat dua relasi sekaligus:

php
public function category(): BelongsTo
{
    return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
}

public function movements(): HasMany
{
    return $this->hasMany(StockMovement::class);
}

Dua method pendek tersebut membalik satu sama lain di model tetangganya: Category memiliki hasMany(Product::class), dan StockMovement memiliki belongsTo(Product::class) plus belongsTo(User::class) untuk petugas pencatat. Laravel membaca nama method untuk menebak foreign key-nya — category() dicari sebagai kolom category_id pada tabel products — sehingga kita tidak perlu menuliskannya secara eksplisit.

Model StockMovement juga menyimpan dua konstanta yang dipakai seluruh aplikasi sebagai bahasa bersama jenis transaksi:

php
public const TYPE_IN = 'in';

public const TYPE_OUT = 'out';

Dengan konstanta ini, kode seperti StockMovement::TYPE_OUT di controller dan test tidak lagi bergantung pada string out yang rawan salah ketik.

Proyek ini sengaja tidak membuat antarmuka CRUD untuk kategori, dan itu keputusan arsitektur, bukan kelalaian. Penambahan kategori adalah kejadian langsam yang lazimnya dilakukan satu admin, sedangkan penghapusan kategori dapat mengubah makna ribuan baris riwayat sekaligus. Karena migrasi kita memasang restrictOnDelete() pada foreign key category_id, database menolak menghapus kategori yang masih dipakai produk — proteksi yang tetap bekerja untuk query yang melewati Eloquent sekalipun. Kategori baru cukup ditambahkan lewat seeder atau tinker; begitu cakupan aplikasi tumbuh, CRUD kategori dapat dibangun dengan pola persis seperti Bagian 2.

Data Contoh dengan Seeder #

Aplikasi inventaris butuh data awal yang masuk akal sebelum bisa diuji tampilannya. database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php membuat akun petugas, dua kategori, dan tiga produk, lalu mencatat pergerakan awal lewat service transaksi:

php
$budi = User::create([
    'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
    'email' => '[email protected]',
    'password' => Hash::make('password'),
]);

$elektronik = Category::create([
    'name' => 'Elektronik',
    'description' => 'Peralatan elektronik kantor',
]);

$mouse = Product::create([
    'sku' => 'ELK-001',
    'name' => 'Mouse Wireless M1',
    'category_id' => $elektronik->id,
    'unit' => 'pcs',
    'stock' => 0,
    'min_stock' => 5,
    'price' => 85000,
]);

$service->recordMovement($mouse, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 20, 'Stok pembukaan', $budi, '2026-01-02');
$service->recordMovement($mouse, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 3, 'Peminjaman ruang meeting', $budi, '2026-01-05');

Perhatikan bahwa seeder memakai recordMovement() — bukan menulis kolom stock langsung — sehingga data contoh tunduk pada aturan bisnis yang sama dengan aplikasi. Setelah php artisan db:seed, isi database dapat diperiksa lewat tinker dengan satu perintah foreach sederhana:

bash
php artisan tinker --execute="foreach (App\Models\Product::with('category')->orderBy('sku')->get() as \$p) { echo \$p->sku.' | '.\$p->name.' | '.\$p->category->name.' | stok '.\$p->stock.' '.\$p->unit.' | min '.\$p->min_stock.' | Rp'.\$p->price.PHP_EOL; }"

Output yang Dihasilkan:

text
ATK-001 | Kertas HVS A4 80gsm | Alat Tulis | stok 15 rim | min 10 | Rp55000.00
ELK-001 | Mouse Wireless M1 | Elektronik | stok 17 pcs | min 5 | Rp85000.00
ELK-002 | Tinta Printer Hitam | Elektronik | stok 4 botol | min 8 | Rp120000.00

Memantau Pergerakan Stok #

Setiap baris stock_movements adalah fakta yang tidak boleh hilang: siapa, kapan, berapa, dan mengapa barang berpindah. Model StockMovement menandai kolom tersebut dengan cast movement_date => date agar tanggal otomatis menjadi objek Carbon yang siap diformat di Blade. Halaman detail produk (products.show) lalu menampilkan sepuluh pergerakan terakhir dengan eager loading movements.user, dan halaman riwayat global menampilkan seluruh transaksi terbaru terpaginasi 15 baris.

Di sisi daftar produk, relasi category dipanggil dengan with('category') pada controller. Tanpa eager loading ini, halaman yang menampilkan 10 produk akan menjalankan 11 query: satu untuk produk, satu untuk setiap kategori. Pola ini akan kita pakai berulang kali karena hampir semua halaman proyek menampilkan nama kategori di samping nama produk.

Stok yang Selalu Bisa Diverifikasi #

Karena stok hanya berubah lewat transaksi, kita bisa membuktikan kejujuran angkanya kapan pun: jumlahkan semua pergerakan, lalu bandingkan dengan kolom stock:

text
ATK-001 Kertas HVS A4 80gsm    Alat Tulis stock=15  (Σin=15 − Σout= 0 = 15)  COCOK
ELK-001 Mouse Wireless M1      Elektronik stock=17  (Σin=20 − Σout= 3 = 17)  COCOK
ELK-002 Tinta Printer Hitam    Elektronik stock= 4  (Σin=10 − Σout= 6 =  4)  COCOK

Tiga baris tersebut dihasilkan dari database hasil seeder di lingkungan pengujian Course ini. Verifikasi semacam ini bukan sekadar kebanggaan — ia adalah fondasi audit: jika suatu saat muncul BEDA!, kita tahu ada jalur penulisan stok yang lolos dari transaksi dan harus ditutup.

Kita baru memakai recordMovement() sebagai pemanggil seeder. Bagian berikutnya membedah isi method tersebut — tempat DB::transaction(), lockForUpdate(), dan pengecualian stok bekerja bersama menjaga janji yang kita lihat barusan.

Berkas Sumber

Berkas pendukung halaman ini dapat diunduh dan dijalankan langsung sesuai penjelasan di atas.

php
<?php

namespace App\Exceptions;

use App\Models\Product;
use RuntimeException;

class InsufficientStockException extends RuntimeException
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly Product $product,
        public readonly int $requested,
    ) {
        parent::__construct(sprintf(
            'Stok %s (%s) tidak cukup: tersedia %d %s, diminta %d %s.',
            $product->name,
            $product->sku,
            $product->stock,
            $product->unit,
            $requested,
            $product->unit,
        ));
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;

class AuthController extends Controller
{
    public function showLogin(): View
    {
        return view('auth.login');
    }

    public function login(Request $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        $credentials = $request->validate([
            'email' => ['required', 'email'],
            'password' => ['required'],
        ]);

        if (Auth::attempt($credentials)) {
            $request->session()->regenerate();

            return redirect()->intended(route('products.index'));
        }

        return back()
            ->withErrors(['email' => 'Email atau password salah.'])
            ->onlyInput('email');
    }

    public function logout(Request $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        Auth::logout();

        $request->session()->invalidate();
        $request->session()->regenerateToken();

        return redirect()->route('login');
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

abstract class Controller
{
    //
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Http\Requests\ProductStoreRequest;
use App\Http\Requests\ProductUpdateRequest;
use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class ProductController extends Controller
{
    public function index(Request $request): View
    {
        $products = Product::query()
            ->with('category')
            ->search($request->query('q'))
            ->ofCategory($request->query('category'))
            ->stockBetween($request->query('stock_min'), $request->query('stock_max'))
            ->when(
                $request->query('critical') === '1',
                fn ($query) => $query->critical(),
            )
            ->orderBy('name')
            ->paginate(10)
            ->withQueryString();

        return view('products.index', [
            'products' => $products,
            'categories' => Category::orderBy('name')->get(),
            'filters' => $request->only(['q', 'category', 'stock_min', 'stock_max', 'critical']),
        ]);
    }

    public function create(): View
    {
        return view('products.create', [
            'categories' => Category::orderBy('name')->get(),
        ]);
    }

    public function store(ProductStoreRequest $request): RedirectResponse
    {
        $product = Product::create([
            ...$request->validated(),
            // Stok awal selalu 0: angka hanya boleh berubah lewat transaksi.
            'stock' => 0,
        ]);

        return redirect()
            ->route('products.show', $product)
            ->with('status', "Produk {$product->name} berhasil disimpan.");
    }

    public function show(Product $product): View
    {
        $movements = $product->movements()
            ->with('user')
            ->orderByDesc('id')
            ->limit(10)
            ->get();

        return view('products.show', [
            'product' => $product->load('category'),
            'movements' => $movements,
        ]);
    }

    public function edit(Product $product): View
    {
        return view('products.edit', [
            'product' => $product->load('category'),
            'categories' => Category::orderBy('name')->get(),
        ]);
    }

    public function update(ProductUpdateRequest $request, Product $product): RedirectResponse
    {
        $product->update($request->validated());

        return redirect()
            ->route('products.show', $product)
            ->with('status', "Produk {$product->name} berhasil diperbarui.");
    }

    public function destroy(Product $product): RedirectResponse
    {
        $name = $product->name;
        $product->delete();

        return redirect()
            ->route('products.index')
            ->with('status', "Produk {$name} beserta riwayat pergerakannya berhasil dihapus.");
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\Product;
use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;

class ReportController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Laporan stok kritis: produk dengan stok <= stok minimum.
     */
    public function lowStock(): View
    {
        $products = Product::query()
            ->with('category')
            ->critical()
            ->orderBy('name')
            ->paginate(10);

        return view('reports.low-stock', [
            'products' => $products,
        ]);
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Exceptions\InsufficientStockException;
use App\Http\Requests\StockMovementRequest;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\StockMovement;
use App\Services\StockService;
use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;

class StockMovementController extends Controller
{
    public function index(): View
    {
        $movements = StockMovement::query()
            ->with(['product.category', 'user'])
            ->orderByDesc('id')
            ->paginate(15);

        return view('movements.index', [
            'movements' => $movements,
        ]);
    }

    public function create(): View
    {
        return view('movements.create', [
            'products' => Product::orderBy('name')->get(),
            'preselected' => request('product'),
        ]);
    }

    public function store(
        StockMovementRequest $request,
        StockService $service,
    ): RedirectResponse {
        $data = $request->validated();

        $product = Product::findOrFail($data['product_id']);

        try {
            $service->recordMovement(
                $product,
                $data['type'],
                (int) $data['quantity'],
                $data['note'] ?? null,
                $request->user(),
                $data['movement_date'],
            );
        } catch (InsufficientStockException $exception) {
            return redirect()
                ->back()
                ->withInput()
                ->withErrors(['quantity' => $exception->getMessage()]);
        }

        return redirect()
            ->route('products.show', $product)
            ->with('status', "Transaksi stok {$product->name} berhasil dicatat.");
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class ProductStoreRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, array<int, string>>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'sku' => ['required', 'string', 'max:32', 'unique:products,sku'],
            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
            'category_id' => ['required', 'integer', 'exists:categories,id'],
            'unit' => ['required', 'string', 'max:20'],
            'min_stock' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:0'],
            'price' => ['required', 'numeric', 'min:0'],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, string>
     */
    public function attributes(): array
    {
        return [
            'sku' => 'SKU',
            'category_id' => 'kategori',
            'unit' => 'satuan',
            'min_stock' => 'stok minimum',
            'price' => 'harga',
        ];
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

class ProductUpdateRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, array<int, string>>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'sku' => [
                'required', 'string', 'max:32',
                Rule::unique('products', 'sku')->ignore($this->route('product')),
            ],
            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
            'category_id' => ['required', 'integer', 'exists:categories,id'],
            'unit' => ['required', 'string', 'max:20'],
            'min_stock' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:0'],
            'price' => ['required', 'numeric', 'min:0'],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, string>
     */
    public function attributes(): array
    {
        return [
            'sku' => 'SKU',
            'category_id' => 'kategori',
            'unit' => 'satuan',
            'min_stock' => 'stok minimum',
            'price' => 'harga',
        ];
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class StockMovementRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, array<int, string>>
     */
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'product_id' => ['required', 'integer', 'exists:products,id'],
            'type' => ['required', 'in:in,out'],
            'quantity' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1'],
            'note' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:255'],
            'movement_date' => ['required', 'date'],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @return array<string, string>
     */
    public function attributes(): array
    {
        return [
            'product_id' => 'produk',
            'type' => 'jenis transaksi',
            'quantity' => 'jumlah',
            'movement_date' => 'tanggal transaksi',
        ];
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;

class Category extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['name', 'description'];

    public function products(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Product::class);
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;

class Product extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = [
        'sku',
        'name',
        'category_id',
        'unit',
        'stock',
        'min_stock',
        'price',
    ];

    protected function casts(): array
    {
        return [
            'category_id' => 'integer',
            'stock' => 'integer',
            'min_stock' => 'integer',
            'price' => 'decimal:2',
        ];
    }

    public function category(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
    }

    public function movements(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(StockMovement::class);
    }

    /**
     * Cari produk berdasarkan nama atau SKU (partial match).
     */
    public function scopeSearch(Builder $query, ?string $keyword): Builder
    {
        return $query->when(filled($keyword), function (Builder $query) use ($keyword) {
            $keyword = trim($keyword);

            $query->where(function (Builder $query) use ($keyword) {
                $query->where('name', 'like', "%{$keyword}%")
                    ->orWhere('sku', 'like', "%{$keyword}%");
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * Filter produk milik satu kategori.
     */
    public function scopeOfCategory(Builder $query, ?int $categoryId): Builder
    {
        return $query->when(filled($categoryId), function (Builder $query) use ($categoryId) {
            $query->where('category_id', $categoryId);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Filter produk pada rentang stok [min, max].
     */
    public function scopeStockBetween(Builder $query, ?int $min, ?int $max): Builder
    {
        return $query
            ->when(filled($min), fn (Builder $query) => $query->where('stock', '>=', $min))
            ->when(filled($max), fn (Builder $query) => $query->where('stock', '<=', $max));
    }

    /**
     * Produk dengan stok kritis: stok saat ini <= stok minimum.
     */
    public function scopeCritical(Builder $query): Builder
    {
        return $query->whereColumn('stock', '<=', 'min_stock');
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;

class StockMovement extends Model
{
    public const TYPE_IN = 'in';

    public const TYPE_OUT = 'out';

    protected $fillable = [
        'product_id',
        'type',
        'quantity',
        'note',
        'user_id',
        'movement_date',
    ];

    protected function casts(): array
    {
        return [
            'product_id' => 'integer',
            'quantity' => 'integer',
            'user_id' => 'integer',
            'movement_date' => 'date',
        ];
    }

    public function product(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Product::class);
    }

    public function user(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace App\Services;

use App\Exceptions\InsufficientStockException;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\StockMovement;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class StockService
{
    /**
     * Catat satu pergerakan stok dan perbarui stok produk secara atomik.
     *
     * Seluruh operasi berjalan di dalam DB::transaction() sehingga baris
     * pada stock_movements dan angka products.stock selalu konsisten:
     * keduanya tersimpan bersama atau keduanya dibatalkan bersama.
     */
    public function recordMovement(
        Product $product,
        string $type,
        int $quantity,
        ?string $note = null,
        ?User $user = null,
        ?string $movementDate = null,
    ): StockMovement {
        return DB::transaction(function () use ($product, $type, $quantity, $note, $user, $movementDate): StockMovement {
            // Kunci baris produk agar dua proses tidak menghitung stok
            // dari angka yang sama secara bersamaan (race condition).
            $locked = Product::query()
                ->whereKey($product->id)
                ->lockForUpdate()
                ->firstOrFail();

            if ($type === StockMovement::TYPE_OUT && $locked->stock < $quantity) {
                throw new InsufficientStockException($locked, $quantity);
            }

            $movement = $locked->movements()->create([
                'type' => $type,
                'quantity' => $quantity,
                'note' => $note,
                'user_id' => $user?->id,
                'movement_date' => $movementDate ?? now()->toDateString(),
            ]);

            $locked->stock = $type === StockMovement::TYPE_IN
                ? $locked->stock + $quantity
                : $locked->stock - $quantity;
            $locked->save();

            return $movement;
        });
    }
}

php
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('categories', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name', 60)->unique();
            $table->string('description', 255)->nullable();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('categories');
    }
};

php
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('sku', 32)->unique();
            $table->string('name', 100);
            $table->foreignId('category_id')
                ->constrained()
                ->restrictOnDelete();
            $table->string('unit', 20)->default('pcs');
            $table->unsignedInteger('stock')->default(0);
            $table->unsignedInteger('min_stock')->default(0);
            $table->decimal('price', 12, 2)->default(0);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('products');
    }
};

php
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('stock_movements', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->foreignId('product_id')
                ->constrained()
                ->cascadeOnDelete();
            $table->enum('type', ['in', 'out']);
            $table->unsignedInteger('quantity');
            $table->string('note', 255)->nullable();
            $table->foreignId('user_id')
                ->nullable()
                ->constrained()
                ->nullOnDelete();
            $table->date('movement_date');
            $table->timestamps();

            $table->index(['product_id', 'id']);
            $table->index(['type', 'movement_date']);
        });
    }

    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('stock_movements');
    }
};

php
<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\StockMovement;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Services\StockService;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;

class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run(): void
    {
        $budi = User::create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
            'password' => Hash::make('password'),
        ]);

        $elektronik = Category::create([
            'name' => 'Elektronik',
            'description' => 'Peralatan elektronik kantor',
        ]);

        $alatTulis = Category::create([
            'name' => 'Alat Tulis',
            'description' => 'Kebutuhan alat tulis kantor',
        ]);

        $service = app(StockService::class);

        $mouse = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-001',
            'name' => 'Mouse Wireless M1',
            'category_id' => $elektronik->id,
            'unit' => 'pcs',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 5,
            'price' => 85000,
        ]);

        $tinta = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-002',
            'name' => 'Tinta Printer Hitam',
            'category_id' => $elektronik->id,
            'unit' => 'botol',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 8,
            'price' => 120000,
        ]);

        $kertas = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $alatTulis->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $service->recordMovement($mouse, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 20, 'Stok pembukaan', $budi, '2026-01-02');
        $service->recordMovement($mouse, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 3, 'Peminjaman ruang meeting', $budi, '2026-01-05');
        $service->recordMovement($tinta, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 10, 'Stok pembukaan', $budi, '2026-01-02');
        $service->recordMovement($tinta, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 6, 'Penggantian tinta printer lantai 2', $budi, '2026-01-06');
        $service->recordMovement($kertas, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 15, 'Stok pembukaan', $budi, '2026-01-02');
    }
}

php
<?php

use App\Http\Controllers\AuthController;
use App\Http\Controllers\ProductController;
use App\Http\Controllers\ReportController;
use App\Http\Controllers\StockMovementController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

Route::get('/', fn () => redirect()->route('products.index'))->name('home');

Route::middleware('guest')->group(function () {
    Route::get('login', [AuthController::class, 'showLogin'])->name('login');
    Route::post('login', [AuthController::class, 'login'])->name('login.attempt');
});

Route::post('logout', [AuthController::class, 'logout'])
    ->middleware('auth')
    ->name('logout');

Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::resource('products', ProductController::class);

    Route::get('movements', [StockMovementController::class, 'index'])
        ->name('movements.index');
    Route::get('movements/create', [StockMovementController::class, 'create'])
        ->name('movements.create');
    Route::post('movements', [StockMovementController::class, 'store'])
        ->name('movements.store');

    Route::get('reports/low-stock', [ReportController::class, 'lowStock'])
        ->name('reports.low-stock');
});

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Tests\TestCase;

class AuthTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    public function test_login_berhasil_dan_gagal(): void
    {
        User::factory()->create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
            'password' => bcrypt('password-rahasia'),
        ]);

        // Kredensial salah: kembali dengan error.
        $this->from(route('login'))
            ->post(route('login.attempt'), [
                'email' => '[email protected]',
                'password' => 'salah',
            ])
            ->assertSessionHasErrors('email');

        // Kredensial benar: masuk dan diarahkan ke daftar produk.
        $this->post(route('login.attempt'), [
            'email' => '[email protected]',
            'password' => 'password-rahasia',
        ])
        ->assertRedirect(route('products.index'));

        $this->assertAuthenticated();
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * Halaman depan cukup meneruskan pengunjung ke daftar produk;
     * dari sana middleware auth yang meneruskan tamu ke halaman login.
     */
    public function test_halaman_depan_meneruskan_ke_daftar_produk(): void
    {
        $this->get('/')
            ->assertRedirect(route('products.index'));
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Tests\TestCase;

class ProductCrudTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    private function login(): User
    {
        $user = User::factory()->create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
        ]);

        $this->actingAs($user);

        return $user;
    }

    private function category(): Category
    {
        return Category::create(['name' => 'Alat Tulis']);
    }

    public function test_tamu_diarahkan_ke_halaman_login(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index'))
            ->assertRedirect(route('login'));
    }

    public function test_pengguna_melihat_daftar_produk(): void
    {
        $this->login();

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $this->category()->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 15,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $this->get(route('products.index'))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')
            ->assertSee('ATK-001');
    }

    public function test_menyimpan_produk_baru_dengan_stok_nol(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $category = $this->category();

        $response = $this->post(route('products.store'), [
            'sku' => 'ATK-002',
            'name' => 'Pulpen Gel Hitam',
            'category_id' => $category->id,
            'unit' => 'pcs',
            'min_stock' => 20,
            'price' => 12000,
        ]);

        $response->assertRedirect(route('products.show', Product::where('sku', 'ATK-002')->firstOrFail()));

        // Stok awal selalu 0: hanya transaksi yang boleh mengubahnya.
        $this->assertDatabaseHas('products', [
            'sku' => 'ATK-002',
            'name' => 'Pulpen Gel Hitam',
            'stock' => 0,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_sku_duplikat_ditolak_validasi(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $category = $this->category();

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $category->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $this->from(route('products.create'))
            ->post(route('products.store'), [
                'sku' => 'ATK-001',
                'name' => 'Map Plastik Kancing',
                'category_id' => $category->id,
                'unit' => 'pcs',
                'min_stock' => 5,
                'price' => 9000,
            ])
            ->assertSessionHasErrors('sku');

        $this->assertDatabaseCount('products', 1);
    }

    public function test_memperbarui_produk_tanpa_menyentuh_kolom_stok(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $product = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $this->category()->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 15,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $this->put(route('products.update', $product), [
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 75gsm',
            'category_id' => $product->category_id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'min_stock' => 12,
            'price' => 52000,
        ])->assertRedirect(route('products.show', $product));

        $this->assertDatabaseHas('products', [
            'id' => $product->id,
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 75gsm',
            'min_stock' => 12,
            'stock' => 15, // stok tidak ikut berubah saat mengubah data produk
        ]);
    }

    public function test_daftar_produk_terpaginasi_sepuluh_per_halaman(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $category = $this->category();

        for ($i = 1; $i <= 12; $i++) {
            Product::create([
                'sku' => sprintf('ATK-%03d', $i),
                'name' => "Produk Contoh {$i}",
                'category_id' => $category->id,
                'unit' => 'pcs',
                'stock' => $i,
                'min_stock' => 1,
                'price' => 1000,
            ]);
        }

        $response = $this->get(route('products.index'));

        // Halaman pertama memuat 10 dari 12 produk + tautan halaman kedua.
        $response->assertOk();
        $this->assertCount(10, $response->viewData('products')->items());
        $response->assertSee(route('products.index', ['page' => 2]));
        $response->assertSeeText('Produk Contoh 7');
        $response->assertDontSeeText('Produk Contoh 9');

        // Halaman kedua memuat sisa 2 produk.
        $second = $this->get(route('products.index', ['page' => 2]));
        $this->assertCount(2, $second->viewData('products')->items());
        $second->assertSeeText('Produk Contoh 8');
        $second->assertSeeText('Produk Contoh 9');
    }

    public function test_menghapus_produk_beserta_riwayat_pergerakannya(): void
    {
        $this->login();
        $product = Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $this->category()->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        $this->delete(route('products.destroy', $product))
            ->assertRedirect(route('products.index'));

        $this->assertDatabaseMissing('products', ['id' => $product->id]);
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Tests\TestCase;

class SearchFilterTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    private Category $elektronik;

    private Category $alatTulis;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp();

        $this->actingAs(User::factory()->create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
        ]));

        $this->elektronik = Category::create(['name' => 'Elektronik']);
        $this->alatTulis = Category::create(['name' => 'Alat Tulis']);

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-001',
            'name' => 'Mouse Wireless M1',
            'category_id' => $this->elektronik->id,
            'unit' => 'pcs',
            'stock' => 15,
            'min_stock' => 5,
            'price' => 85000,
        ]);

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ATK-001',
            'name' => 'Kertas HVS A4 80gsm',
            'category_id' => $this->alatTulis->id,
            'unit' => 'rim',
            'stock' => 3,
            'min_stock' => 10,
            'price' => 55000,
        ]);

        Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-002',
            'name' => 'Tinta Printer Hitam',
            'category_id' => $this->elektronik->id,
            'unit' => 'botol',
            'stock' => 40,
            'min_stock' => 8,
            'price' => 120000,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_cari_berdasarkan_nama(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['q' => 'mouse']))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Mouse Wireless M1')
            ->assertDontSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam');
    }

    public function test_cari_berdasarkan_sku(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['q' => 'ATK']))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')
            ->assertDontSee('Mouse Wireless M1');
    }

    public function test_cari_tidak_peka_huruf_besar_kecil(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['q' => 'TINTA']))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Tinta Printer Hitam');
    }

    public function test_filter_berdasarkan_kategori(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['category' => $this->elektronik->id]))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Mouse Wireless M1')
            ->assertSee('Tinta Printer Hitam')
            ->assertDontSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm');
    }

    public function test_filter_rentang_stok(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['stock_min' => 10, 'stock_max' => 30]))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Mouse Wireless M1')   // stok 15 masuk rentang
            ->assertDontSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm') // stok 3 di bawah rentang
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam'); // stok 40 di atas rentang
    }

    public function test_filter_stok_kritis_hanya_yang_di_bawah_minimum(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['critical' => 1]))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')  // stok 3 <= min 10: kritis
            ->assertDontSee('Mouse Wireless M1') // stok 15 > min 5: aman
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam');
    }

    public function test_filter_gabungan_pencarian_dan_kategori(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('products.index', ['q' => 'tinta', 'category' => $this->alatTulis->id]))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam'); // cocok kata kunci, tetapi salah kategori
    }

    public function test_laporan_stok_kritis_menampilkan_produk_yang_perlu_dipesan(): void
    {
        $this->get(route('reports.low-stock'))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Kertas HVS A4 80gsm')
            ->assertSee('7 rim') // kekurangan: 10 - 3
            ->assertDontSee('Mouse Wireless M1')
            ->assertDontSee('Tinta Printer Hitam');
    }
}

php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Exceptions\InsufficientStockException;
use App\Models\Category;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\StockMovement;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Services\StockService;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use RuntimeException;
use Tests\TestCase;

class StockMovementTest extends TestCase
{
    use RefreshDatabase;

    private function user(): User
    {
        return User::factory()->create([
            'name' => 'Budi Santoso',
            'email' => '[email protected]',
        ]);
    }

    private function product(): Product
    {
        return Product::create([
            'sku' => 'ELK-001',
            'name' => 'Mouse Wireless M1',
            'category_id' => Category::create(['name' => 'Elektronik'])->id,
            'unit' => 'pcs',
            'stock' => 0,
            'min_stock' => 5,
            'price' => 85000,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_barang_masuk_menambah_stok(): void
    {
        $user = $this->user();
        $product = $this->product();

        $movement = app(StockService::class)->recordMovement(
            $product,
            StockMovement::TYPE_IN,
            20,
            'Stok pembukaan',
            $user,
            '2026-01-02',
        );

        $this->assertSame(20, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertSame(20, $movement->quantity);
        $this->assertDatabaseHas('stock_movements', [
            'product_id' => $product->id,
            'type' => 'in',
            'quantity' => 20,
            'user_id' => $user->id,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_barang_keluar_mengurangi_stok(): void
    {
        $product = $this->product();

        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 20, movementDate: '2026-01-02');
        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 7, 'Peminjaman ruang meeting', movementDate: '2026-01-05');

        $this->assertSame(13, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseCount('stock_movements', 2);
    }

    public function test_stok_tidak_bisa_negatif(): void
    {
        $product = $this->product();

        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 5, movementDate: '2026-01-02');

        try {
            app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 8, movementDate: '2026-01-05');
            $this->fail('Barang keluar melebihi stok seharusnya melempar pengecualian.');
        } catch (InsufficientStockException $exception) {
            $this->assertSame(5, $exception->product->stock);
            $this->assertSame(8, $exception->requested);
        }

        // Stok tetap dan tidak ada baris riwayat baru yang tersimpan.
        $this->assertSame(5, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseCount('stock_movements', 1);
    }

    public function test_kegagalan_di_tengah_transaksi_dibatalkan_seluruhnya(): void
    {
        $product = $this->product();

        // Simulasikan gangguan setelah pengecekan stok,
        // tepat saat baris stock_movements hendak dibuat.
        StockMovement::creating(function (): void {
            throw new RuntimeException('simulasi gangguan saat menyimpan riwayat');
        });

        try {
            app(StockService::class)->recordMovement(
                $product,
                StockMovement::TYPE_IN,
                10,
                movementDate: '2026-01-02',
            );
            $this->fail('Pengecualian simulasi seharusnya terlempar.');
        } catch (RuntimeException) {
            // dibiarkan: inilah skenario yang diuji
        } finally {
            StockMovement::flushEventListeners();
        }

        // Atomicity: tidak ada perubahan yang lolos setelah rollback.
        $this->assertSame(0, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseCount('stock_movements', 0);
    }

    public function test_form_barang_keluar_melebihi_stok_ditolak(): void
    {
        $user = $this->user();
        $product = $this->product();

        $product->forceFill(['stock' => 5])->save();

        $this->actingAs($user)
            ->from(route('movements.create'))
            ->post(route('movements.store'), [
                'product_id' => $product->id,
                'type' => 'out',
                'quantity' => 9,
                'note' => 'Peminjaman untuk pameran',
                'movement_date' => '2026-01-05',
            ])
            ->assertSessionHasErrors('quantity');

        $this->assertSame(5, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseCount('stock_movements', 0);
    }

    public function test_form_transaksi_valid_menyimpan_dan_mengalihkan(): void
    {
        $user = $this->user();
        $product = $this->product();

        $this->actingAs($user)
            ->post(route('movements.store'), [
                'product_id' => $product->id,
                'type' => 'in',
                'quantity' => 12,
                'note' => 'Pembelian batch pertama',
                'movement_date' => '2026-01-03',
            ])
            ->assertRedirect(route('products.show', $product));

        $this->assertSame(12, $product->fresh()->stock);
        $this->assertDatabaseHas('stock_movements', [
            'product_id' => $product->id,
            'type' => 'in',
            'quantity' => 12,
            'user_id' => $user->id,
        ]);
    }

    public function test_riwayat_transaksi_menampilkan_gerakan_terbaru(): void
    {
        $user = $this->user();
        $product = $this->product();

        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_IN, 10, 'Stok pembukaan', $user, '2026-01-02');
        app(StockService::class)->recordMovement($product, StockMovement::TYPE_OUT, 4, 'Peminjaman ruang meeting', $user, '2026-01-05');

        $this->actingAs($user)
            ->get(route('movements.index'))
            ->assertOk()
            ->assertSee('Mouse Wireless M1')
            ->assertSee('Stok pembukaan')
            ->assertSee('Peminjaman ruang meeting');
    }
}

Bagian 3: Kategori dan Stok

Relasi Antar Model #

Data Contoh dengan Seeder #

Memantau Pergerakan Stok #

Stok yang Selalu Bisa Diverifikasi #

Berkas Sumber

app/Exceptions/InsufficientStockException.php

app/Http/Controllers/AuthController.php

app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php

app/Http/Controllers/ProductController.php

app/Http/Controllers/ReportController.php

app/Http/Controllers/StockMovementController.php

app/Http/Requests/ProductStoreRequest.php

app/Http/Requests/ProductUpdateRequest.php

app/Http/Requests/StockMovementRequest.php

app/Models/Category.php

app/Models/Product.php

app/Models/StockMovement.php

app/Services/StockService.php

database/migrations/2026_11_01_000010_create_categories_table.php

database/migrations/2026_11_01_000020_create_products_table.php

database/migrations/2026_11_01_000030_create_stock_movements_table.php

database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php

routes/web.php

tests/Feature/AuthTest.php

tests/Feature/ExampleTest.php

tests/Feature/ProductCrudTest.php

tests/Feature/SearchFilterTest.php

tests/Feature/StockMovementTest.php